Biography
Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German (naturalised American in 1948 and French in 1958) painter, sculptor, printmaker, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism in Europe. He had no formal artistic training, but his experimental attitude toward the making of art resulted in his invention of frottage—a technique that uses pencil rubbings of textured objects and relief surfaces to create images—and grattage, an analogous technique in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath. Ernst is noted for his unconventional drawing methods as well as for creating novels and pamphlets using the method of collages. He served as a soldier for four years during World War I, and this experience left him shocked, traumatised and critical of the modern world. During World War II he was designated an "undesirable foreigner" while living in France.
Ernst was born in Brühl. He began painting in 1909 while studying at the University of Bonn, and later joined the Die Rheinischen Expressionisten group of artists. Ernst's work often featured ironic juxtapositions of grotesque elements with Cubist and Expressionist motifs. He had a fascination with birds, often including his alter ego, Loplop, a bird, in his work. He eventually settled in France and achieved financial success in the 1950s. He died in Paris on 1 April 1976.
Filmography
all 15
Movies 15
self 8
Writer 1
Director 1
Max Ernst Hanging (2010)
tvSSFBM EHKL (2001)
Max Ernst: My Vagabonds - My Restlessness (1991)
Coup de Torchon (1981)
Europe After the Rain (1978)
Laocoon & Sons: The Story of the Transformation of Esmeralda del Rio (1972)
Dada (1969)
Max Ernst, Une Semaine de Bonte (1969)
La Femme de 100 têtes (1968)
Die widerrechtliche Ausübung der Astronomie (1967)
Cinéastes de notre temps : Luis Buñuel (1964)
Max Ernst: Journey into the Subconscious (1964)
8 X 8: A Chess-Sonata in 8 Movements (1957)
Dreams That Money Can Buy (1947)
L'Âge d'or (1930)
Ratings
Information
Known ForActing
GenderMale
Birthday1891-04-02
Deathday1976-04-01 (84 years old)
Birth NameMaximilian Maria Ernst
Birth PlaceBrühl, Germany
RelationshipsMarie-Berthe Aurenche (1927-01-01 - 1936-01-01), Peggy Guggenheim (1942-01-01 - 1946-01-01), Luise Straus-Ernst (1918-01-01 - 1926-01-01), Dorothea Tanning (1946-01-01 - 1976-01-01), Gala Dalí (1922-01-01 - 1924-01-01)
ChildrenJimmy Ernst
FatherPhilipp Ernst
SiblingsLoni Pretzell
RelativesAmy Ernst
CitizenshipsCuba, France, United States of America
AwardsLichtwark Award, Goslarer Kaiserring, Venice Biennale
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